Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects, which are instances of classes. Each object contains attributes (data) and methods (functions) that define its behavior. OOP promotes modularity, making code more reusable, scalable, and maintainable.

Key Principles of OOP:

Encapsulation – Bundling data and methods within a class while restricting direct access to some components to protect data integrity.

Inheritance – Allowing a class (child) to inherit attributes and behaviors from another class (parent), promoting code reusability.

Polymorphism – Enabling objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common super class, allowing for flexibility and dynamic method implementation.

Abstraction – Hiding implementation details and exposing only the necessary functionalities, simplifying code usage and reducing complexity.

Benefits of OOP:

Improves code reusability through inheritance.

Enhances scalability by structuring code into manageable objects.

Facilitates maintainability by modularizing code.

Supports real-world modeling, making it easier to represent complex systems.

Examples of OOP Languages:

Common OOP languages include Java, C++, Python, C#, and JavaScript.

OOP is widely used in software development, including game development, web applications, and enterprise systems, due to its efficiency in managing complex code structures.