1. Data Sources: ◦ Internal Data: Generated within an organization (e.g., sales records, employee data). ◦ External Data: Obtained from outside the organization (e.g., social media, public datasets).

2. First-Party, Second-Party, and Third-Party Data: Different levels of data ownership and access.

3. Real-Time vs Batch Data: Differences in data processing timing.

4. Types of Data Sources: ◦ Structured Data: Organized data (e.g., databases). ◦ Unstructured Data: Unorganized data (e.g., text, images). ◦ Semi-Structured Data: Partially organized data (e.g., JSON, XML).

5. Database Key Concepts: ◦ Relational Databases: Use tables, rows, and columns. ◦ Non-Relational Databases: Handle unstructured data (e.g., MongoDB).

6. APIs & Web Scraping: Methods for collecting data from external sources.