This session provided a structured introduction to cybersecurity fundamentals, beginning with the difference between general IT security practices and the cybersecurity mindset, which focuses on anticipating, analyzing, and mitigating threats proactively.

We explored the distinction between a Hacker and an Ethical Hacker, clarifying how ethical hackers use offensive techniques responsibly to identify and fix vulnerabilities before malicious actors exploit them.

Core security frameworks were introduced, including:

CIA Triad: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability as the foundational pillars of information security.

AAA Model: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting as essential mechanisms for access control and monitoring.

The distinction between Threat, Vulnerability, and Risk, and how they interact within a security environment.

The session also provided an overview of common cyberattacks, including:

Malware

Social Engineering

Network Attacks

Insider Threats

Finally, we introduced the main cybersecurity domains such as Red Team, Blue Team, Security Operations Center (SOC), and Penetration Testing, while mapping different attack and defense strategies back to the CIA Triad to understand how security controls protect organizational assets.

The session aimed to build a strong conceptual foundation and analytical perspective toward modern cybersecurity challenges.